We have arrived at the final stage in Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Every stage has highlighted a key aspect of identity and personality development. This stage, which typically covers ages 65 and older, is more about storytelling and reminiscing than discovery. In this blog, we will explore what it means for individuals in this stage to have a fulfilling life while also sharing a play therapist’s perspective.
Understanding the Late Adulthood Stage
Individuals in late adulthood have written the bulk of their stories. Their identity has been shaped, and their mark has been left on the world – the primary task now becomes reflection. This stage emphasizes how these individuals contemplate their life’s choices, relationships, and accomplishments. If a late adult believes they have led a successful life, in whatever manner they define “success,” then they will develop integrity. Integrity, in this sense, means the individual feels as though their life has had meaning. They generally experience feelings of peace and resolve as they are fully satisfied with their lives.
Conversely, if a late adult believes their life was unproductive, unfulfilled, and meaningless, they are likely to develop despair. This could lead to feelings of depression and hopelessness that stem from earlier unresolved stages of development. These individuals may also fear death as it leaves their lives unresolved.
Play as a Pathway
As mentioned previously, this stage’s main task is one of reflection and, as such, requires the use of memory. However, as we age, our ability to access our memories becomes more challenging and can even diminish in certain areas. Specifically, the areas of the brain responsible for cognitive processing and recall of information are negatively affected by aging. The main source of memory recall during this stage occurs from the emotional and sensory processing systems.
For that reason, late adults can thrive when listening to music, participating in expressive arts, and eating foods of their past. You may find that they can tell so many stories from their past when it was meaningful to them, versus asking a purely logic-based question. For example, listening to a song from their childhood could lead to recalling vivid memories of that time period. Engaging in these forms of play not only aids in memory recall but can improve mood and boost the feelings of integrity in older adults.
Long-Term Effects of Play
Play has been present in every stage we have explored during this series. As you can see, it is not just for children and it is so much more impactful on development than simply playing with toys. Play therapy supports emotional regulation, distress tolerance, self-confidence, and more! These skills are vital for growth and development well into adulthood. Individuals who have utilized play as a tool often have stronger coping mechanisms and higher frustration tolerance, which can be increasingly challenged in today’s screen-heavy society. Play adds meaning to one’s life and creates a holistic sense of fulfillment from the first experiences to the last. In many ways, the ability to find peace in late adulthood is not formed at the end of life, but practiced across it.
If you need guidance in this area, please feel free to reach out!
